EIACP HUB: Jharkhand
Status of Environment and Related Issues

ENVIS Stands for Environment Information System.

 

 

ENVIS is a decentralized system with a network of distributed subject oriented centre’s ensuring integration of national efforts in environmental information collection, collation, storage, retrieval and dissemination to all concerned. The focus of ENVIS since inception has been on providing environmental information to decision makers, policy planners, scientists and engineers, research workers, etc. all over the country.

 

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Plant are more sensitive to pollution than human and can serve as indicators and resistant species as accumulators which collect large amount of pollutants without being damaged. Many chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides and fossil fuels release toxic substances into the environment which are absorbed by the plants from air , water and soil. Atmospheric pollutants produced from automobiles, industrial fumes and strong radiations are dangerous to plants. Harmful substances that reach plants through air are CO2 , SO2, NO2, Hydrocarbons , dust and smoke. Plants growing in water are severely affected by toxic chemicals like cynide , chlorine , hypochlorate , phenol , benzyl derivatives and heavy metal compounds present in sewage .

The effects of different kinds of pollution can be determined by the nature of pollutants , there and the period of exposure. Under exposure to high concentration, plants suffer acute injuries with externally visible symptoms such as chlorosis, discoloration, necrosis and death of entire plant. Besides morphological changes, Chemical, biochemical, such as enzymatic parameter, physiological and fine structural changes also occur in the affected plants.

Mosses, lichens and some fungi are more sensitive to SO2 for long time. Mercury concentration in Festuca rubera grass may be due to chloroalkali setup and lead (Pb) in leaves is increased due to automobile exhaust. Polygonum, Rheum, Vicia, Phaseolus and Capsella are important pollution indicators.

   

The plants which indicate the presence of characteristics minerals in the soil are called metallophytes, for example - Vallozia candida grows in the presence of diamond in soil. Equisetum arvensis, Lonicera confusa, Papaver libonticum, Thuja            species indicate the presence of gold mineral in the soil. Eriogonum ovafolium indicates the presence of silver mineral in soil. Stellaria setacea grows in mercury rich soil. Astragalus spp. indicate presence of uranium. Viscaria alpina indicates            copper minerals. Viola calaminaria, V.lutea are indicators for zinc presence. Salsola nitrata, Euro ceatoides grow in boron rich soil.Dammara ovata, Dacrydium are indicators for iron mineral. Ilex aquifolium grows in aluminium rich soil.

 

 

Certain plant communities indicate the depth of ground water e.g., Euphorbia caducifolia . Capparis decidua , Acacia senegal, Anogeissus pendula, Salvadora persica, Panicum turgidum, Tamarix and Ziziphus spp.

 

Some plats act ac humus indicator. Monotropa ,Neottia and mashrooms indicate thee prence of humas in soil. Strodilanthes and Impatiens indicate the presence of high humus or litter.

 

Many plants indicate the characteristics of soil. For exmaple, Casuarina equisetifolia , Citrullus colocynthis and Tanicum spp. grow in sandy soil. Imperata cylindrica and Vetivria grow on clayey soil. Cotton prefers to grow in black soil.

 

Sl.No.	Hot Spot Region	No. of  Endemic Species of Higher plants
1	Cape Region (South Africa)	6000
2	Upland Western Amazonia	5000
3	Atlantic Coastal Brazil	5000
4	Madagascar	4900
5	Philippines	3700
6	North Borneo	3500
7	Eastern Himalaya (India)	3500
8	South West Australia	2830
9	Western Ecuador	2500
10	Colombian Chocó	2500
11	Peninsular Malaysia	2400
12	Californian Floristic Province	2140
13	Western Ghats (India)	1600
14	Central Chile	1450
15	New Caledonia	1400
16	Eastern Arc Mountains (Tanzania)	535
17	South -West Sri Lanka	500
18	South - West Cote d'lvoire	200

 

Sl.No.	Group of Plants	Total No. of species in India (±)	No. of endemic species (±)	Percentage (±)
1	Marine algea	624	63	1
2	Fungi	14500	3500	24
3	Lichen	2000	466	23
4	Liverwort	850	260	30
5	Moss	2000	678	34
6	Pteridophyte	1200	193	16
7	Gymnosperm	48	7	2
8	Angiosperm	17500	6200	36

 

Noise (ambient standards) published in the Gazette No. 643 dt 26.12.89, succeeded by The Noise pollution (Regulation and Control) rules, 2000 (Gazette of India, vide SO123(E), dated 14.2.2000 and subsequent amended vide SO 1046(E) dated, 22.11.2000).

 

Area Code	Category of area	Limits in dB (A) Leq
		Day time	Night time
A	Industrial area	75	70
B	Commercial area	65	55
C	Residential area	55	45
D	Silence zone	50	40

 

Note-1: Day time reckoned in between 6.00 am to 9.00 p.m

Note 2: Night time reckoned in between 9.00p.m. To 6.00am

Note 3: Silence zone is defined as areas up to 100 meter around such premises as Hospitals, Educational institutes, and Courts. The Silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority.

Note 4: Mixed categories of areas should be declared as "one of the four above mentioned categories" by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall be applied.

 

Indian State – level Basic Environmental Information Database, basically a database which holds the basic information about the status of environment in states of India in numerical form.

 

To extract data from ISBEID data base go to the link and click MIS report fill and select data filters and press view user can download available data in word, PDF or in excel format.

 

Yes’ the data available in the database is purely authentic as data is collected from the government departments and sources has been described.

 

User can freely mail their queries on jharenvis.nic.in or visit Jharkhand Envis Centre, van Bhawan Doranda, Ranchi.

 

Visit: O/o CF, Plantation Research and Evaluation, Jharkhand, Ranchi. Forest, Environment and Climate Change Department, Van Bhawan, Doranda, Ranchi.